The main goal of the project is to draw attention to the 300th anniversary of the
execution of the legendary bandit Jánošík, who was executed in Liptovský Mikuláš in
1713. At the same time, it is an opportunity to bring a contemporary perspective on a
historical figure and legend, as it is a common cultural heritage of the Slovak-Polish
borderland, which manifested itself in the Jánošík tradition as a unique cultural
phenomenon.
Jánošík was born on the slopes above Terchová. Because the village did not have a
church at that time, he was baptized on January 25, 1688 in the Varín church. At the
end of 1707, Jánošík was recruited into the rebel army of Francis II. Rákoczi. In
August 1708, he fought in the battle near Trenčín, which Rákoczi’s troops lost and
Jánošík was captured by the imperial army. Jánošík later joined the imperial army
and served as a member of the guard crew at the Bytčian Castle. Here he met the
imprisoned bandit captain Tomáš Uhorčík, whom he helped to escape from prison.
After his release from military service, Jánošík met Uhorčík again and allowed
himself to be lured into a fight.
In September 1711, Jánošík took the brigand’s oath in Uhorčík’s company and soon
became a brigand captain. Jánošík’s banditry lasted one and a half years – from the
fall of 1711 to the winter of 1713, and its largest part falls on the summer and autumn
period of 1712. Before the winter, the bands of bandits split up and the bandits
bargained for service as winter servants for the landlords, improving themselves by
poaching. Jánošík went to spend the winter on Malohont (today’s Gemer), because
Tomáš Uhorčík, who got married and changed his name, settled there. Martin
Mravec lived in Klenovec as a local shepherd. The capture of Jánošík was preceded
by a six-month intensive search by the Liptovská sedria (court), which was very
interested in the capture of Jánošík, because he beat Countess von Schardon in
Liptov, and the Liptovská stolica had to pay compensation for beating the countess.
The activity of the Liptov sedria was intensified by the ambush of Jánošík’s group in
Svätoanenská dolina, where they beat up the Orava zeeman Ladislav Zmeškal.
At the end of February or the beginning of March 1713, about thirty dragoons led by
the Zeman Andreanský came to Klenovec, surrounded the Mravcov (Uhorčík) house
and captured Jánošík. Together with him, they also caught Martin Mravec, although
at the time they had no idea that it was Tomáš Uhorčík. Both were taken to Liptovský
Mikuláš and imprisoned in the Vranovo mansion. Jánošík was interrogated on March
16 and 17, 1713, first subjected to lighter, then more severe torture, and in the early
evening of March 17, 1713, he was hanged by his left rib at the Šibeničky gallows in
Liptovský Mikuláš.
For a long time, there was a tradition that the area in front of the Jánošík **** hotel
was the place of Jánošík’s execution. No written document was found in the archives
that would confirm but not refute it either.